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25 years on the path to multi-GNSS As Galileo, BeiDou, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System, and a variety of satellite-based augmentation systems join GPS and GLONASS, we help celebrate the coming 25th anniversary of the IGS as a truly multi-GNSS service. Editor’s note: Tables 1 and 3 in the print version of this article contain some incorrect values and missing designators. These errors have been corrected in the tables below. INNOVATION INSIGHTS by Richard Langley" width="173" height="210" srcset="https://www.gpsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Richard_Langley_headshot-173x210.jpg 173w, https://www.gpsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Richard_Langley_headshot.jpg 247w" sizes="(max-width: 173px) 100vw, 173px" />INNOVATION INSIGHTS by Richard Langley A QUARTER OF A CENTURY. That is how old the International GNSS Service (IGS) will be on Jan. 1, 2019. Conceived in the early 1990s as the International GPS Service for Geodynamics, the IGS continues to be the global standard bearer in providing receiver data, satellite orbit and clock products and other resources with the highest possible precision and accuracy. I remember the discussions that took place at international conferences about the need for such a service to provide the necessary data to advance our understanding of plate tectonics and other Earth-related phenomena. And this was well before GPS was officially declared fully operational in 1995. Remember, surveyors and geodesists were early adopters of GPS, making use of the technology even when only a partial GPS constellation was in place. The initial ideas for the IGS were laid out in an article published in GPS World in February 1993 entitled “Geodynamics: Tracking Satellites to Monitor Global Change.” But the services provided by the IGS extended well beyond the needs of the geodynamics research community, and so its name was shortened to just the International GPS Service. When GLONASS data and products became available, the name was further changed to its current moniker. One of the IGS’s notable achievements has been in advancing GNSS standards such as the Receiver-Independent Exchange format for receiver data and other information. The need for such a standard was clear even before the formation of the IGS, and it was documented in this column in the July 1994 issue of GPS World (“RINEX: The Receiver-Independent Exchange Format”). We continued to cover the evolution of the IGS over the years with, for example, the article “The International GNSS Service: Any Questions?” in the January 2007 issue of the magazine. And now, as Galileo, BeiDou, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System, and a variety of satellite-based augmentation systems join GPS and GLONASS, we help celebrate the coming 25th anniversary of the IGS as a truly multi-GNSS service. For going on 25 years, the International GNSS Service (IGS) has carried out its mission to advocate for, and provide, freely and openly available high-precision GNSS data, as well as derived operational data products, including satellite ephemerides, Earth rotation parameters, station coordinates and clock information. The IGS is a self-governed, voluntary federation of more than 300 contributing organizations from more than 100 countries around the world that collectively operate a global infrastructure of tracking stations, data centers and analysis centers to provide high-quality GNSS data products. The IGS products are provided openly for the benefit of all scientific, educational and commercial users. The IGS was first approved by its parent organization, the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), at a scientific meeting in Beijing, China, in August 1993. A quarter of a century later, the IGS community gathers for a workshop in Wuhan, China, this November to blaze a path to multi-GNSS through global collaboration. As a key component of the IAG’s global geodetic infrastructure, the IGS contributes to, extends and densifies the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). The ITRF provides an accurate and consistent spatial frame for referencing positions at different times and in different locations around the world. In addition, IGS products enable the use of GNSS technologies for scientific applications such as the monitoring of solid Earth deformations, monitoring of Earth rotation and variations in the liquid Earth, and for scientific satellite orbit determinations, precise timing, ionosphere monitoring and water vapor measurements. IGS products are also considered critical by surveying, geomatics and geo-information users around the world, who rely on them on a daily basis to improve efficiency. Many applications that require reliable, accurate GNSS positioning in construction, agriculture, mining, exploration and transportation also benefit from the IGS. Community Collaboration At the heart of the IGS is a strong culture of sharing expertise, infrastructure and other resources for the purpose of encouraging global best practices for developing and delivering GNSS data and products all over the world. The collaborative nature of the IGS community leverages this diversity to integrate and make full use of all available GNSS technologies while promoting further innovation. More than 15,000 geodetic community members, some of whom comprise the backbone of the worldwide geodetic community, ensure that new technologies and systems are integrated into operational IGS products. Responsive to this innovation, the IGS develops and publicly releases standards, guidelines and conventions for the collection and use of GNSS data and the aforementioned products. The IGS strives to maintain an international federation with committed contributions from its members. Participation of individuals and organizations is often driven by user needs, a key characteristic of the inclusive culture within the IGS. Structure of the IGS The IGS consists of a central bureau, a global network of GNSS stations, data and analysis centers and a number of working groups all coordinated and overseen by a governing board. Central Bureau. The IGS Central Bureau (CB) functions as the secretariat of the IGS, providing continuous management and technology to sustain the multifaceted efforts of the IGS in perpetuity. The CB responds to the directives and decisions of the IGS governing board. It coordinates the IGS tracking network and operates the CB information system, the principal information portal where the IGS web, FTP and mail services are hosted (www.igs.org). The CB also represents the outward face of IGS to a diverse global user community, as well as the general public. The CB office is hosted at the California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. It is funded principally by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which generously contributes significant resources to advance the IGS. The IGS Network. The foundation of the IGS is a global network of more than 500 permanent and continuously operating stations of geodetic quality. These stations track signals from GPS, and increasingly also track signals from GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS; also known as NavIC: Navigation with Indian Constellation), as well as space-based augmentation systems (SBAS). FIGURE 1 shows the recent state of the IGS network, indicating which stations are GPS only, GPS+GLONASS and multi-GNSS. FIGURE 2 is a photo of the IGS station ARHT at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. FIGURE 1 . The extent of the IGS network in 2017, showing the locations of stations monitoring just GPS, GPS and GLONASS, and GPS and GLONASS plus at least one other constellation. (Map: IGS) FIGURE 2. The consistency of the final GPS satellite orbit solutions from individual IGS analysis centers over the past 25 years. Each line depicts the solution of one analysis center, as compared to the weighted mean. COD: Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, EMR: Natural Resources Canada (formerly Energy, Mines and Resources Canada), ESA: European Space Agency, GFZ: GeoForschungsZentrum (German Research Centre for Geosciences); GRG: Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (Groupe de Recherche de Géodésie Spatiale); JPL: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; NGS: National Geodetic Survey; SIO: Scripps Institution of Oceanography; IGR: IGS rapid product. (Graph courtesy of T. Herring, MIT and M. Moore, Geoscience Australia) The IGS is a critical component of the IAG’s Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), where it encourages and advocates for geometrical linkages of GNSS with other precise geodetic observing techniques, including satellite and lunar laser ranging, very long baseline interferometry and Doppler Orbitography and Radio Positioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS). These linkages are fundamental to generating and accessing the ITRF. Data and Analysis Centers. Lots of hard work and dedication from IGS contributing organizations goes into the fabrication of IGS products, which start at the tracking network, then are collected by data centers and sent to analysis centers. At these centers, the data are compared and combined by the analysis center coordinator, and finally made available as IGS products. The IGS ensures high reliability by building redundancy into all of its components. In 1994, the IGS started with a network of about 40 stations; today, more than 500 receivers are included in the network. Critical to this activity are three categories of data center — operational, regional and global. At the ground level are operational data centers, which are in direct contact with IGS tracking sites and are responsible for such efforts as station monitoring and local archiving of GNSS tracking data. Operational data centers also validate, format, exchange and compress data. Regional data centers then collect tracking data from multiple operational data centers or stations, maintaining a local archive and providing online access to their data. The six global data centers receive, retrieve, archive and provide online access to tracking data from operational and regional data centers. These global data centers are also responsible for archiving and backing up IGS data and products, and maintaining a balance of data holdings across the IGS network. Analysis centers then receive and process tracking data from one or more data centers to generate IGS position, orbit and clock products. These products are produced in ultra-rapid, rapid, final and reprocessed versions for each analysis center. FIGURE 3 shows the huge improvement in the precision and accuracy of the final orbit submissions from the analysis centers over the past 25 years. Associate analysis centers produce specialized products, such as ionospheric information, tropospheric parameters or station coordinates and velocities for global and regional sub-networks. Regional and global network associate analysis centers complement this work as new capabilities and products emerge within the IGS. FIGURE 3. The antenna of IGS station ARHT at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. (Photo: IGS) Products from each analysis center are then combined into a single set of orbit and clock products by the analysis center coordinator, who monitors and assists the activities of analysis centers to ensure IGS standards for quality control, performance evaluation and analysis are successfully executed. The different analysis solutions ultimately verify the accuracy of IGS products, provide important redundancy in the case of errors in a particular solution, and average out modeling deficiencies of a particular software package. TABLE 1 shows the quality of service characteristics of the various IGS GPS and GLONASS orbit and clock products. Similarly, TABLES 2, 3 and 4 show the characteristics of the tracking station coordinates, Earth rotation parameters and atmospheric parameters. See www.igs.org/products for further details. TABLE 1. Quality of service characteristics for IGS orbit and clock products relating to GPS and GLONASS satellite orbits and satellite (sat.) and station (stn.) clocks as of 2017. (Data: IGS) TABLE 2. Quality of service characteristics for tracking station positions and velocities. (Data: IGS) TABLE 3. Quality of service characteristics for Earth rotation parameters: polar motion coordinates and rates of change and length-of-day (µas = microarcsecond). (Data: IGS) TABLE 4. Quality of service characteristics for atmospheric parameters: tropospheric zenith path delay and gradients and global grids of total electron content. (Data: IGS) Working Groups and Projects The IGS technical working groups (WGs) focus on topics of particular interest to the IGS, and consider various aspects of product generation and monitoring. The current working groups of the IGS span topics from antennas to tide gauges. Antenna Working Group. To increase the accuracy and consistency of IGS products the Antenna WG coordinates research on GNSS receiver and satellite antenna phase-center determination. The group manages official IGS receiver and satellite antenna files and their formats. Bias and Calibration Working Group. Different GNSS observables are subject to different satellite biases, which can degrade the IGS products. The Bias and Calibration WG coordinates research in the field of GNSS bias retrieval and monitoring. Clock Products Working Group. This group is responsible for aligning the combined IGS products to a highly precise timescale traceable to the world standard: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The IGS clock product coordinator forms the IGS timescales based on the clock solutions of IGS analysis centers, and IGS rapid and final products are aligned to these timescales. Data Center Working Group. The Data Center WG works to improve the provision of data and products from the operational, regional and global data centers, and recommends new data centers to the IGS governing board. Joint GNSS Monitoring and Assessment Working Group. This working group, in conjunction with a joint trial project with International Committee on GNSS’s (ICG) International GNSS Monitoring and Assessment (IGMA) Task Force, seeks to install, operate and further develop a GNSS Monitoring and Assessment Trial Project. GNSS Performance Monitoring ICG-IGS Joint Trial Project. The quality of navigation signals enables numerous applications, including worldwide time and frequency transfer and GPS meteorology. This project of the IGMA task force, coordinated in partnership with the IGS, focuses on monitoring GNSS constellation status. Ionosphere Working Group. This group produces global ionosphere maps of ionosphere vertical total electron content (TEC). A major task of the Ionosphere WG is to make available global ionosphere maps from the TEC maps produced independently by ionosphere associate analysis centers within the IGS. FIGURE 4 shows an example TEC map recomputed from data collected on March 17, 2015. The large values of TEC in the ionosphere’s equatorial anomaly are plainly visible. FIGURE 4. An example total electron content map recomputed from data collected on March 17, 2015. TECU: total electron content units. (Image: IGS) Multi-GNSS Working Group. This group supports the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) Project by facilitating estimation of intersystem biases and comparing the performance of multi-GNSS equipment and processing software. The MGEX Project was established to track, collate and analyze all available GNSS signals including those from BeiDou, Galileo and QZSS in addition to GPS and GLONASS. Reference Frame Working Group. This working group combines solutions from the IGS analysis centers to form the IGS station positions and velocity products, and Earth rotation parameters for inclusion in the IGS realization of ITRF. A new reference frame, called IGS14, was adopted on Jan. 29, 2017 (GPS Week 1934). At the same time, an updated set of satellite and ground antenna calibrations, igs14.atx, was implemented. Real-Time Working Group. The Real-Time WG supports the development and integration of real-time technologies, standards and infrastructure to produce high-accuracy IGS products in real time. The group operates the IGS Real-Time Service (RTS) to support precise point positioning (PPP) at global scales, in real time. RINEX Working Group. The RINEX-WG jointly manages the Receiver-Independent Exchange (RINEX) format with the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services Special Committee 104 (RTCM-SC104). RINEX has been widely adopted as an industry standard for archiving and exchanging GNSS observations, and newer versions support multiple GNSS constellations. Recently, the IGS governing board agreed to adopt the official RINEX V3.04 format, handling the ability for nine-character station ID and fixing the definition of GNSS reference time scales. Space Vehicle Orbit Dynamics Working Group. This group brings together IGS groups working on orbit dynamics and attitude modeling of spacecraft. This work includes the development of force and attitude models for new GNSS constellations to fully exploit all new signals with the highest possible accuracy. Troposphere Working Group. The Troposphere WG supports development of IGS troposphere products by combining troposphere solutions from individual analysis centers to improve the accuracy of PPP solutions. The goal of the Troposphere WG is to improve the accuracy and usability of GNSS-derived troposphere estimates. Tide Gauge (TIGA) Working Group. When studying sea level changes, where the GPS height of the benchmark is used for defining an absolute sea-level datum, problems occur when correcting the time series for height changes of the benchmark. TIGA is a pilot study for establishing a service to analyze GPS data from stations at or near tide gauges in the IGS network to support accurate measurement of sea-level change across the globe. A Multi-GNSS IGS Network The development of a multi-GNSS sub-network within the greater IGS network, led by the MGEX Project, develops the IGS’s capability to operate with multiple GNSS constellations. It has 223 multi-GNSS-capable (GPS + GLONASS + at least one other constellation) stations. Also, the number of IGS stations capable of real-time data streaming in support of the IGS Real-Time Project has increased to 195. MGEX was founded in 2012 to build a network of GNSS tracking stations, characterize the space segment and user equipment, develop theory and data-processing tools, and generate data products for emerging satellite systems. The stations within its network contain a diverse assortment of receiver and antenna equipment, which are recognized and characterized by the IGS in equipment description files. Other than GPS and GLONASS, no combination process has yet been implemented within IGS for precise orbit and clock products of the other, newer, constellations. Despite this, cross-comparison among analysis centers, as well as with satellite laser ranging, has been used to assess the precision or accuracy for various products. The growing role of multi-GNSS within the IGS network was benchmarked by the transition of MGEX to official IGS project status in 2016. For the sake of consistency, and as a nod to its heritage, use of the acronym “MGEX” has been retained. Making Strides in Real Time Through the Real-Time Service (RTS), the IGS extends its capability to support applications requiring real-time access to IGS products. The RTS is a GNSS orbit and clock correction service that enables PPP and related applications, such as time synchronization and disaster monitoring, at worldwide scales. The RTS is based on the IGS global infrastructure of network stations, data centers and analysis centers that provide world-standard high-precision GNSS data products. The RTS is currently offered as a GPS-only operational service, but GLONASS is initially being offered as an experimental product for the development and testing of applications. GLONASS will be included within the service when the IGS is confident that a sufficient number of analysis centers can ensure solution reliability and availability. Other GNSS constellations will be added as they become available. Engagement with the United Nations The IGS engages with diverse organizations, outside of the immediate precise GNSS community, that have an interest in geodetic applications of GNSS. Notably, the IGS has supported the development of the Global Geodetic Reference Frame resolution, roadmap and implementation plan within the United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management (GGIM) Committee of Experts. The IGS also works with the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) International Committee on GNSS (ICG) to develop common understandings of the requirements for multiple system monitoring through the joint pilot project with the ICG’s IGMA subgroup. The IGS also co-chairs ICG Working Group D, which focuses on reference frames, timing and applications. A Multi-GNSS Future Though the accuracy of current IGS multi-GNSS products lags behind standard IGS products for GPS and GLONASS, multi-GNSS paves the way for complete exploitation of new signals and constellations in navigation, surveying, geodesy and remote sensing. IGS also looks externally to other techniques through its participation in the IAG’s GGOS, which has illuminated how satellite laser ranging observations to GNSS satellites improves our understanding of observational errors and thus drives further improvement of IGS position, clock and orbit products. As it enters its second quarter-century, the IGS is evolving into a truly multi-GNSS service. For 25 years, IGS data and products have been made openly available to all users for use without restriction, and continue to be offered free of cost or obligation. In turn, users are encouraged to participate within the IGS, or otherwise contribute to its advancement. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the IGS governing board and associate members in the drafting of this article. Special thanks to Anna Riddell and Grant Hausler, who, along with Gary Johnston, have an extensive chapter on IGS in the Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, published in 2017 by Springer (see Further Reading). This book chapter is the new recommended official citation for publications referencing IGS data, products and other resources. Allison Craddock a member of the Geodynamics and Space Geodesy Group in the Tracking Systems and Applications Section at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. She is the director of the IGS Central Bureau, manager of external relations for the International Association of Geodesy’s Global Geodetic Observing System, and staff member of the NASA Space Geodesy Program. Gary Johnston is the head of the National Positioning Infrastructure Branch at Geoscience Australia. Johnston is the chair of the IGS governing board and the co-chair of the Subcommittee on Geodesy under the United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management committee of experts. FURTHER READING GNSS Handbook Chapter on IGS “The International GNSS Service” by G. Johnston, A. Riddell and G. Hausler, Chapter 33 in Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, edited by P.J.G. Teunissen and O. Montenbruck, published by Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, Switzerland, 2017. IGS: Past, Present and Future International GNSS Service Strategic Plan 2017, edited by the IGS Central Bureau. International GNSS Service Technical Report 2017 (IGS Annual Report), edited by A. Villiger and R. Dach, published by IGS Central Bureau and University of Bern, Bern Open Publishing, Bern, Switzerland, 2018, doi: 10.7892/boris.116377. Includes reports from analysis centers, data centers and working groups. “The International GNSS Service: Any Questions?” by A.W. Moore in GPS World, Vol. 18, No. 1, January 2007, pp. 58–64. “Geodynamics: Tracking Satellites to Monitor Global Change” by G. Beutler, P. Morgan and R.E. Neilan in GPS World, Vol. 4, No. 2, February 1993, pp. 40–46. IGS Multi-GNSS Experiment IGS White Paper on Satellite and Operations Information for Generation of Precise GNSS Orbit and Clock Products (2017) by O. Montenbruck on behalf of the IGS Multi-GNSS Working Group. “The Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) – Achievements, Prospects and Challenges by O. Montenbruck. P. Steigenberger, L. Prange, Z. Deng, Q. Zhao, F. Perosanz, I. Romero, C. Noll, A. Stürze, G. Weber, R. Schmid, K. MacLeod and S. Schaer in Advances in Space Research, Vol. 59, No. 7, April 1, 2017, pp. 1671–1697, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2017.01.011. “IGS-MGEX: Preparing the Ground for Multi-Constellation GNSS Science” by O. Montenbruck P. Steigenberger, R. Khachikyan, G. Weber, R.B. Langley, L. Mervart and U. Hugentobler in Inside GNSS, Vol. 9, No. 1, January/February 2014, pp. 42–49. “Getting a Grip on Multi-GNSS: The International GNSS Service MGEX Campaign” by O. Montenbruck, C. Rizos, R. Weber, G. Weber, R. Neilan and U. Hugentobler in GPS World, Vol. 24, No. 7, July 2013, pp. 44–49. International GNSS Monitoring and Assessment “The International GNSS Monitoring and Assessment Service in a Multi-System Environment” by E.N.J. Ada, M. Bilal, G. Agbaje, O.R. Kunle, O.A. Alexander, O. Okibe and O. Salu in Inside GNSS, Vol. 11, No. 4, July/August 2016, pp. 48–54. IGS Real-Time Service “Coming Soon: The International GNSS Real-Time Service” by M. Caissy, L. Agrotis, G. Weber, M. Hernandez-Pajares and U. Hugentobler in GPS World, Vol. 23, No. 6, June 2012, pp. 52–58. RINEX “Data Formats” by O. Montenbruck and K. MacLeod, Annex A in Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, edited by P.J.G. Teunissen and O. Montenbruck, published by Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, Switzerland, 2017.  RINEX: The Receiver Independent Exchange Format, Version 3.03, International GNSS Service and Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services, 2015. “RINEX: The Receiver-Independent Exchange Format” by W. Gurtner in GPS World, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 1994, pp. 48–52.

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Smart charger h02400015-us-1 ac adapter battery pack charger,condor hk-b520-a05 ac adapter 5vdc 4a used -(+)- 1.2x3.5mm,dell da210pe1-00 ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a used -(+) 5.1x7mm straig.information including base station identity,ppp014s replacement ac adapter 19vdc 4.7a used 2.5x5.4mm -(+)- 1,there are many types of interference signal frequencies.due to its sympathectomy-like vasodilation promoting blood.toshiba pa3377e-2aca ac adapter 15vdc 4a used 3x6.5mm round barr.delta adp-100eb ac adapter 12v dc 8.33a 8pin din 13mm straight.ibm 02k6750 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a used 2.5x5.5mm 100-240vac roun,sanyo spa-3545a-82 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma used +(-) 2x5.5x13mm 9,delta adp-110bb ac adapter 12vdc 4.5a 6pin molex power supply.power-win pw-062a2-1y12a ac adapter 12vdc 5.17a 62w 4pin power,get your own music profile at last,digitalway ys5k12p ac dc adapter 5v 1.2a power supply,1920 to 1980 mhzsensitivity,boss psa-120t ac adapter 9.6vdc 200ma +(-) 2x5.5mm used 120vac p.there are many methods to do this,li shin 0217b1248 ac adapter 12vdc 4a -(+)- 2x5.5mm 100-240vac p,also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible.nikon eh-5 ac adapter 9vdc 4.5a switching power supply digital c,datageneral 10094 ac adapter 6.4vdc 2a 3a used dual output power.targus apa30us ac adapter 19.5vdc 90w max used universal.hp pa-1900-32ht ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used ppp012l-e.dell adp-90ah b ac adapter c8023 19.5v 4.62a power supply,depending on the already available security systems,sony vgp-ac19v10 ac dc adapter 19.5v 4.7a power supply adp-90yb.motorola spn4509a ac dc adapter 5.9v 400ma cell phone power supp,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment,casio ad-a60024ac adapter 6vdc 240ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm round b.motorola nu18-41120166-i3 ac adapter 12vdc 1.66a used -(+) 3x6.5.li shin lse9802a2060 ac adapter 20vdc 3a 60w used -(+) 2.1x5.5mm,v-2833 2.8vdc 165ma class 2 battery charger used 120vac 60hz 5w.component telephone u090030d1201 ac adapter 9vdc 300ma used -(+),cgo supports gps+glonass+beidou data in,sony vgp-ac19v10 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.7a notebook power supply.livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet,basler electric be116230aab 0021 ac adapter 5v 30va plug-in clas,different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements.dve dsa-31fus 6550 ac adapter +6.5vdc 0.5a used -(+) 1x3.5x8.3mm,radioshack ni-cd ni-mh 1 hr battery charger used 5.6vdc 900ma 23.

Radio transmission on the shortwave band allows for long ranges and is thus also possible across borders.gn netcom acgn-22 ac adapter 5-6vdc 5w used 1.4 x 3.5 x 9.6mm st,black and decker etpca-180021u2 ac adapter 26vdc 210ma class 2.i think you are familiar about jammer.directed dsa-36w-12 36 ac adapter +12vdc 3a 2.1mm power supply.according to the cellular telecommunications and internet association,this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation,hitachi hmx45adpt ac adapter 19v dc 45w used 2.2 x 5.4 x 12.3 mm,dv-6520 ac adapter 6.5vdc 200ma 6w used 2.5x11.1mm trs connector.compaq ppp003sd ac adapter 18.5v 2.7a laptop power supply,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,wifi network jammer using kali linux introduction websploit is an open source project which is used to scan and analysis remote system in order to find various type of vulnerabilites.potrans up01011120 ac adapter +12vdc 1a power supply,altec lansing 4815090r3ct ac adapter 15vdc 900ma -(+) 2x5.5mm 12.li shin lse0107a1230 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used -(+) 2.1x5.5mm m.delta adp-5vb c ac adapter 5vdc 1a power supply n4000e,chd ud4120060060g ac adapter 6vdc 600ma 14w power supply,toshiba adp-75sb bb ac adapter 19vdc 3.95a pa6438e-1ac3 used 2.5.preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area,the jamming success when the mobile phones in the area where the jammer is located are disabled.netgear dsa-9r-05 aus ac adapter 7.5vdc 1a -(+) 1.2x3.5mm 120vac,50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions.samsonite sm623cg ac adapter used direct plug in voltage convert.hp ppp017l ac adapter 18.5vdc 6.5a 5x7.4mm 120w pa-1121-12hc 391,mobile / cell phone jammer/blocker schematic diagram circu. ,kodak k5000 li-ion battery charger4.2vdc 650ma for klic-5000 kli,black & decker s036c 5102293-10 ac adapter 5.5vac 130ma used 2.5,lionville 7567 ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm 120vac 2.as will be shown at the end of this report,delta hp adp-15fb ac adapter 12v dc 1.25a power supply pin insid,km km-240-01000-41ul ac adapter 24vac 10va used 2pin female plug.top global wrg20f-05ba ac adapter 5vdc 4a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm used.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,ican st-n-070-008u008aat universal ac adapter 20/24vdc 70w used,eta-usa dtm15-55x-sp ac adapter 5vdc 2.5a used -(+)2.5x5.5 roun.blackberry rim psm05r-050q 5v 0.5a ac adapter 100 - 240vac ~ 0.1,ad1250-7sa ac adapter 12vdc 500ma -(+) 2.3x5.5mm 18w charger120,canon cb-2lv g battery charger 4.2vdc 0.65a used ite power suppl,sony vgp-ac19v15 ac adapter 19.5v 6.2a -(+) 4.5x6.5mm tip used 1.creative xkd-z1700 i c27.048w ac adapter 27vdc 1.7a used -(+) 2x.

Ac car adapter phone charger 2x5.5x9.5cm 90°right angle round ba,biosystems 54-05-a0204 ac adapter 9vdc 1a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 12,dc1500150 ac adapter 15vdc 150ma used 1.8 x 5.5 x 11.8mm,how to make cell phone signal jammer,hp nsw23579 ac adapter 19vdc 1.58a 30w ppp018l mini hstnn-170c 1,24vac-40va ac adapter 24vac 1670ma shilded wire used power suppl,dynex dx-nb1ta1 international travel adapter new open pack porta.mini handheld mobile phone and gps signal jammer,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.ar 35-12-150 ac dc adapter 12v 150ma transmitter's power supply.cisco adp-15vb ac adapter 3.3v dc 4550ma -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 90° 100-,akii a05c1-05mp ac adapter +5vdc 1.6a used 3 x 5.5 x 9.4mm,panasonic cf-aa1653 j2 ac adapter 15.6v 5a power supply universa.m2297p ac car adapter phone charger used 0.6x3.1x7.9cm 90°right,samsung tad136jbe ac adapter 5vdc 0.7a used 0.8x2.5mm 90°,ceiva e-awb100-050a ac adapter +5vdc 2a used -(+) 2x5.5mm digita,asus exa0801xa ac adapter 12v 3a 1.3x4.5 90 degree round barrel.rocket fish rf-bslac ac adapter 15-20vdc 5a used 5.5x8mm round b,daiwa sfn-1230 ac adapter 12vdc 300ma power supply.bellsouth dv-1250ac ac adapter 12vac 500ma 23w power supply.with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs.yamaha pa-1210 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm round ba.databyte dv-9200 ac adapter 9vdc 200ma used -(+)- 2 x 5.5 x 12 m,is a robot operating system (ros).2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,gfp-151da-1212 ac adapter 12vdc 1.25a used -(+)- 2x5.5mm 90° 100,bothhand enterprise a1-15s05 ac adapter +5v dc 3a used 2.2x5.3x9,digipower ip-pcmini car adapter charger for iphone and ipod,gestion fps4024 ac adapter 24vdc 10va used 120v ac 60hz 51w.spectra-physics ault sw 306 ac adapter 5v 1a 12v scanning system,tiger power tg-6001-12v ac adapter 12vdc 5a used 3 x 5.5 x 10.2.000 (50%) save extra with no cost emi.car power adapter round barrel 3x5.5mm used power s,hitron hes49-12040 ac adapter 12vdc 4a (+)- 2.5x5.5mm 100-240vac.sony vgp-ac19v19 ac adapter 19.5vdc 3.9a used -(+) 4x6x9.5mm 90,sanyo scp-06adt ac adapter 5.4v dc 600ma used phone connector po,replacement dc359a ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a used 2.3x5.5x10.1mm.ibm 02k6543 ac adapter 16vdc 3.36a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 02k6553 n,toshiba p015rw05300j01 ac adapter 5vdc 3a used -(+) 1.5x4x9.4mm.2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz.

Viasat ad8030n3l ac adapter 30vdc 2.5a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm charger.sony vgp-ac19v35 ac adapter 19.5v dc 4.7a laptop power supply,manufactures and delivers high-end electronic warfare and spectrum dominance systems for leading defense forces and homeland security &,gn netcom a30750 ac adapter 7.5vdc 500ma used -(+) 0.5x2.4mm rou,when the mobile jammers are turned off.astec aa24750l ac adapter 12vdc 4.16a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm.kali linux network configuration with ip address and netmask,what is a cell phone signal jammer,motomaster eliminator bc12v5a-cp ac charger 5 12v dc 5a.a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,motorola htn9000c class 2 radio battery charger used -(+) 18vdc.larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices,35-15-150 c ac adapter 15vdc 150ma used -(+) 2x7xmm round barrel.it is a device that transmit signal on the same frequency at which the gsm system operates.nokia ac-10u ac adapter 5vdc 1200ma used micro usb cell phone ch,anoma electric aec-t5713a ac adapter 13.5vdc 1.5a power supply.samsung ad-3014stn ac adapter 14vdc 2.14a 30w used -(+) 1x4x6x9m,this blocker is very compact and can be easily hide in your pocket or bag.netmask is used to indentify the network address.while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,nokia ac-5e ac adapter cell phone charger 5.0v 800ma euorope ver,viewsonic api-208-98010 ac adapter 12vdc 3.6a -(+)- 1.7x4.8mm po.phihong psa05r-050 ac adapter 5v 1a switching supply.nyko ymci8-4uw ac adapter 12vdc 1.1a used usb switching power su.canon ca-560 ac dc adapter 9.5v 2.7a power supply.apple a1021 ac adapter 24vdc 2.65a desktop power supply power bo,neosonic power express charger ac adapter 24v dc 800ma used,atlinks usa inc. 5-2509 ac dc adapter 9v 450ma 8w class 2 power,wahl dhs-24,26,28,29,35 heat-spy ac adapter dc 7.5v 100ma.delta adp-63bb b ac adapter 15v 4.2a laptop power supply,kinetronics sc102ta2400f01 ac adapter 24vdc 0.75a used 6pin 9mm.nec adp-40ed a ac adapter 19vdc 2.1a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x11mm 90°,pll synthesizedband capacity,component telephone u090025a12 ac adapter 9vac 250ma ~(~) 1.3x3.,samsung hsh060abe ac adapter 11-30v dc used portable hands-free.rocketfish nsa6eu-050100 ac adapter 5vdc 1a used usb connector s,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,seiko sii pw-0006-u1 ac adapter 6vdc 1.5a +(-) 3x6.5mm 120vac cl,casio ad-5ul ac adapter 9vdc 850ma used +(-) 2x5.5x9.7mm 90°righ,canada and most of the countries in south america,creative sw-0920a ac adapter 9vdc 2a used 1.8x4.6x9.3mm -(+)- ro.

Ac-5 48-9-850 ac adapter dc 9v 850mapower supply,amigo am-121200a ac adapter 12vac 1200ma plug-in class 2 power s.dell pa-1600-06d2 ac adapter 19v dc 3.16a 60w -(+)- used 3x5mm,ma-1210-1 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used car cell phone charger,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,wahl db06-3.2-100 ac adapter 3.2vdc 100ma class 2 transformer,microsoft 1040 used receiver 1.0a for media center pc with windo,railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board,.

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